Friday 1 February 2013



HI THIS TOUTORIAL WILL HELP FULL FOR STARTUP IN IOS CREATED BY NAVEENRAJU



IOS BASICS EXPLINATIONS BY NAVEENRAJU

IPHONE SDK





Introduction To iphone Architecture:




introduction to iphone  Architecture:


An Overview of the iPhone OS Architecture

The iPhone OS consists of a number of different software layers, each of which provides programming frameworks for the development of applications that run on top of the operating system.These operating system layers can be presented diagrammatically as illustrated in the following figures:














In the above diagram we have not done so since this would suggest that the only interface available to the app is Cocoa Touch. In practice, an app can directly call any of the layers of the stack to perform tasks on the device.


iPhone Development Frameworks

Now that we have identified the various layers that comprise the iPhone OS we can now look in more detail at the services provided by each layer and the corresponding frameworks that make those services available to us as app developers. For details refer to the following chapters:

  • The iPhone OS Cocoa Touch Layer
  • The iPhone OS Media Layer
  • The iPhone OS Core Services Layer
  • The iPhone OS Core OS Layer


IPhone OS Cocoa Touch Layer

UIKit Framework (UIKit.framework)

User interface creation and management (text fields, buttons, labels, colors, fonts etc)The UIKit framework is a vast and feature rich Objective-C based programming interface. It is, without question, the framework with which you will spend most of your time working. Entire books could, and probably will, be written about the UIKit framework alone. Some of the key features of UIKit are as follows:
  • Application lifecycle management
  • Application event handling (e.g. touch screen user interaction)
  • Cut, copy, and paste functionality
  • Web and text content presentation and management
  • Data handling
  • Inter-application integration
  • Push notification in conjunction with Push Notification Service
  • Accessibility
  • Accelerometer, battery, proximity sensor, camera and photo library interaction.
To get a feel for the richness of this framework it is worth spending some time browsing Apple’s UIKit reference material which is available online at:

Map Kit Framework (MapKit.framework)

If you have spent any appreciable time with an iPhone then the chances are you have needed to use the Maps application more than once, either to get a map of a specific area or to generate driving directions to get you to your intended destination. The Map Kit framework provides you with a programming interface that enables you to build map based capabilities into your own applications. This allows you to, amongst other things, display scrollable maps for any location, display the map corresponding to the current geographical location of the device and annotate the map in a variety of ways.

Push Notification Service

he Push Notification Service allows applications to notify users of an event even when the application is not currently running on the device. Since the introduction of this service it has most commonly been used by news based applications. Typically when there is breaking news the service will generate a message on the device with the news headline and provide the user the option to load the corresponding news app to read more details. This alert is typically accompanied by an audio alert and vibration of the device. This feature should be used sparingly to avoid annoying the user with frequent interruptions.

Message UI Framework (MessageUI.framework)

The Message UI framework provides everything you need to allow users to compose and send email messages from within your application. In fact, the framework even provides the user interface elements through which the user enters the email addressing information and message content. Alternatively, this information can be pre-defined within your application and then displayed for the user to edit and approve prior to sending.

Address Book UI Framework (AddressUI.framework)

Given that a key function of the iPhone is as a communications device and digital assistant it should not come as too much of a surprise that an entire framework is dedicated to the integration of the address book data into your own applications. The primary purpose of the framework is to enable you to access, display, edit and enter contact information from theiPhone address book from within your own application.

Game Kit Framework (GameKit.framework)

The Game Kit framework provides peer-to-peer connectivity and voice communication between multiple devices and users allowing those running the same app to interact. When this feature was first introduced it was anticipated by Apple that it would primarily be used in multi-player games (hence the choice of name) but the possible applications for this feature clearly extend far beyond games development.
In the next chapter we will look in detail at the frameworks offered at The iPhone OS Media Layer.


IPhone OS Media Layer

Core Graphics Framework (CoreGraphics.framework)

The iPhone Core Graphics Framework (otherwise known as the Quartz 2D API) provides a lightweight two dimensional rendering engine. Features of this framework include PDF document creation and presentation, vector based drawing, transparent layers, path based drawing, anti-aliased rendering, color manipulation and management, image rendering and gradients. Those familiar with the Quartz 2D API running on MacOS X will be pleased to learn that the implementation of this API is the same on the iPhone.

Quartz Core Framework (QuartzCore.framework)

The purpose of the Quartz Core framework is to provide animation capabilities on the iPhone. It provides the foundation for the majority of the visual effects and animation used by the UIKit framework and provides an Objective-C based programming interface for creation of specialized animation within iPhone apps.

OpenGL ES framework (OpenGLES.framework)

For many years the industry standard for high performance 2D and 3D graphics drawing has been OpenGL. Originally developed by the now defunct Silicon Graphics, Inc (SGI) during the 1990s in the form of GL, the open version of this technology (OpenGL) is now under the care of a non-profit consortium comprising a number of major companies including Apple, Inc., Intel, Motorola and ARM Holdings.
OpenGL for Embedded Systems (ES) is a light weight version of the full OpenGL specification designed specifically for smaller devices such as the iPhone.
Version 3.0 of the iPhone OS supports both OpenGL ES 1.1 and 2.0 on certain iPhone models (such as the iPhone 3GS). Earlier versions of the iPhone OS and older models support only OpenGL ES version 1.1.

iPhone Audio Support



The iPhone OS is capable of supporting audio in AAC, Apple Lossless (ALAC), A-law, IMA/ADPCM, Linear PCM, µ-law, DVI/Intel IMA ADPCM, Microsoft GSM 6.10 and AES3-2003 formats through the support provided by the following frameworks.

AV Foundation framework (AVFoundation.framework)

An Objective-C based framework designed to allow the playback, recording and management of audio content.

Core Audio Frameworks (CoreAudio.framework, AudioToolbox.framework and AudioUnit.framework)

The frameworks that comprise Core Audio for the iPhone OS define supported audio types, playback and recording of audio files and streams and also provide access to the device’s built-in audio processing units.

Open Audio Library (OpenAL)

OpenAL is a cross platform technology used to provide high-quality, 3D audio effects (also referred to as positional audio). Positional audio can be used in a variety of applications though is typically using to provide sound effects in games.

Media Player framework (MediaPlayer.framework)

The iPhone OS Media Player framework is able to play video in .mov, .mp4, .m4v, and .3gp formats at a variety of compression standards, resolutions and frame rates.
In the next chapter we will explore the frameworks provided by The iPhone OS Core Services Layer.


IPhone OS Media Layer

Address Book framework (AddressBook.framework)

The Address Book framework provides programmatic access to the iPhone Address Book contact database allowing applications to retrieve and modify contact entries.

Core Data Framework (CoreData.framework)

This framework is provided to ease the creation of data modeling and storage in Model-View-Controller (MVC) based applications. Use of the Core Data framework significantly reduces the amount of code that needs to be written to perform common tasks when working with structured data in an application.

Core Foundation Framework (CoreFoundation.framework)

The Core Foundation is a C-based Framework that provides basic functionality such as data types, string manipulation, raw block data management, URL manipulation, threads and run loops, date and times, basic XML manipulation and port and socket communication. Additional XML capabilities beyond those included with this framework are provided via the libXML2 library. Though this is a C-based interface, most of the capabilities of the Core Foundation framework are also available with Objective-C wrappers via the Foundation Framework.

Foundation Framework (Foundation.framework)

The Foundation framework is the standard Objective-C framework that will be familiar to those that have programmed in Objective-C on other platforms (most likely Mac OS X). Essentially, this consists of Objective-C wrappers around much of the C-based Core Foundation Framework.

Core Location Framework (CoreLocation.framework)

The Core Location framework allows you to obtain the current geographical location of the device (latitude and longitude) and compass readings from with your own applications. The method used by the device to provide coordinates will depend on the data available at the time the information is requested and the hardware support provided by the particulariPhone model on which the app is running (GPS and compass are only featured on recent models). This will either be based on GPS readings, WiFi network data or cell tower triangulation (or some combination of the three).

Store Kit Framework (StoreKit.framework)

The purpose of the Store Kit framework is to facilitate commerce transactions between your application and the Apple App Store. Prior to version 3.0 of the iPhone OS, it was only possible to charge a customer for an app at the point that they purchased it from the App Store. iPhone OS 3.0 introduced the concept of the “in app purchase” whereby the user can be given the option make additional payments from within the application. This might, for example, involve implementing a subscription model for an application, purchasing additional functionality or even buying a faster car for you to drive in a racing game.

SQLite library

Allows for a lightweight, SQL based database to be created and manipulated from within your iPhone application.
In the next chapter we will look at The iPhone OS Core OS Layer.



IPhone OS Core OS Layer

CFNetwork Framework (CFNetwork.framework)

The CFNetwork framework provides a C-based interface to the TCP/IP networking protocol stack and low level access to BSD sockets. This enables application code to be written that works with HTTP, FTP and Domain Name servers and to establish secure and encrypted connections using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS).

External Accessory framework (ExternalAccessory.framework)

Provides the ability to interrogate and communicate with external accessories connected physically to the iPhone via the 30-pin dock connector or wirelessly via Bluetooth.

Security Framework (Security.framework)

The iPhone OS Security framework provides all the security interfaces you would expect to find on a device that can connect to external networks including certificates, public and private keys, trust policies, keychains, encryption, digests and Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC).

System (LibSystem)

As we have previously mentioned, the iPhone OS is built upon a UNIX-like foundation. The System component of the Core OS Layer provides much the same functionality as any other UNIX like operating system. This layer includes the operating system kernel (based on the Mach kernel developed by Carnegie Mellon University) and device drivers. The kernel is the foundation on which the entire iPhone OS is built and provides the low level interface to the underlying hardware. Amongst other things the kernel is responsible for memory allocation, process lifecycle management, input/output, inter-process communication, thread management, low level networking, file system access and thread management.
As an app developer your access to the System interfaces is restricted for security and stability reasons. Those interfaces that are available to you are contained in a C-based library called LibSystem. As with all other layers of the iPhone OS stack, these interfaces should be used only when you are absolutely certain there is no way to achieve the same objective using a framework located in a higher OS layer.




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